国内外环境健康风险评价框架研究A Review on Environmental Pollution and Human Risk Assessment Model
胡习邦;
摘要(Abstract)：
环境污染与人体健康问题引起了世界各国的高度关注。本文对比研究了美国著名的环境健康风险评价"四步法",即危害鉴别、剂量-效应关系评价、暴露评价和风险表征评价框架,欧盟EUSES健康风险评价模型框架,以及Briggs(2008)构建的一个综合污染源、危害、环境风险、剂量反应等过程的环境健康范式及风险评价框架。同时,还介绍了一些发达国家研究制订的系列环境与健康风险评价的框架以及相关法律、法规和指南,为我国环境污染与人体健康风险评估和管理提供参考。
关键词(KeyWords)： 环境污染;人体健康;风险评价模型
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Authors): 胡习邦;
DOI: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.2016.01.007
参考文献(References)：
- [1]陈连生,孙宏.我国环境与健康研究的现状及发展趋势[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(5):454-456.
- [2]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Interim Procedures and Guidelines for Health Risk Assessments of Suspected Carcinogens.Federal Register,1976,41:21-402.
- [3]U.S.National Research Council.Risk Assessment in the Federal Government:Managing the Process.Washington,D.C.:National Research Council,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy Press,1983.
- [4]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.Washington,D.C.:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2005.
- [5]U.S.Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management.Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management.Washington,D.C.:13.S.Presidential/Congressional Commission,1997.
- [6]U.S,Environmental Protection Agency.Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund,Volume 1,Part A(1989),Part B(1991),Part C(1991),Part D(2001),Part E(2004),Part F(2009),Volume 3,Part A(2001).[2015-06-05].http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ragsa/.
- [7]European Parliament and of the Council,1993.Council Regulation(EEC)No.793/93,Commission Directive 93/67/EEC.
- [8]EU,2003.European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010.http://europa.eu/legislation summaries/public health/health determinants environment/l28145 en.htm.
- [9]WHO.2003.National Environmental Health Action Plans(NEHAPs).http://www.who.int/heli/impacts/nehaps/en/.
- [10]European Parliament and of the Council,2003.Directive 96/82/EC on the Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances.
- [11]Lijzen J A,Rikken M J.Update of risk assessment for the indirect human exposure.RIVM report 601516011/2004,national institute for Public Health and the Environment,Bilthoven,the Netherland.
- [12]UK Environment Agency,1997.A Guide to Risk Analysis at the National Centre for Risk Analysis and Options Appraisal.
- [13]Health Council of the Netherlands,1996.Risk Is More Than Just a Number:Reflections on the Development of the Environmental Risk Management Approach.
- [14]Briggs J David.A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risks.Environmental Health,2008,7(1):61-77.
- [15]环境保护部、卫生部等,2007年.《国家环境与健康行动计划》.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2007-11/16/content 807439.htm.
- [16]环境保护部,2011.国家环境保护“十二五”环境与健康工作规划.http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201109/W020110926592540126412.pdf.
- [17]国务院.2011.《关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见》.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-10/20/content 1974306.htm.
- [18]孟伟,于云江,郭庶.国内外环境与健康的管理与研究.环境与健康杂志[J],2007,1(24):4-7.
- [19]杨林生,李海蓉,李永华,王五一,谭见安.医学地理和环境健康研究的主要领域与进展.地理科学进展,2010,29(1):031-044.
- [20]贺桂珍,吕永龙.2010.基于国际经验的环境和健康风险管理框架的构建[J].生态毒理学报,5(5):736-745.
- [21]Williams R.D.Pamela,Hubbell Bryan J.,Weber Eric,Fehrenbacher Cathy,et al.An Overview of Exposure Assessment Models Used by the US Environmental Protection Agency.In Modelling of Pollutants in Complex Environmental Systems,Volume II,edited by Grady Hanrahan.Published 2010 by ILM Publications,a trading division of International Labmate Limited.