魏威;秦虎;高霁;汪维;

• 1:美国环保协会

摘要(Abstract)：

2019年11月联合国环境规划署(UNEP,United Nations Environment Programme)发布的《排放差距报告2019》^([1])为《巴黎协定》1.5℃长期控温目标的实现蒙上阴影,实际减排力度与目标之间的巨大差距要求各缔约国强化其自主贡献目标和行动。甲烷作为仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,其20年升温潜势为二氧化碳的84倍,研究表明甲烷贡献了人为感知全球变暖的25%,因此大幅削减甲烷排放可以有效地延缓全球变暖速度,为全球应对气候变化赢得时间窗口。从全球范围来看,油气行业是能源部门最大的甲烷排放源,占人类活动导致甲烷排放的19%左右,达到了7210万吨,所以油气行业的甲烷减排行动不仅是应对气候变化的关键措施,同时也是实现区域和国家气候目标的重要组成部分。当前,在国家和地区积极的气候政策推动下,国际上主要的油气公司都发布了以甲烷为主要内容的气候目标,不过不同地区和类型的油气公司公布气候目标也有差别,本文将对比不同气候政策驱动下油气公司的气候目标特点,以分析甲油气公司的甲烷行动。

关键词(KeyWords)： 甲烷减排;油气行业;气候变化政策;能源转型

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Authors): 魏威;秦虎;高霁;汪维;

DOI: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.202103010

参考文献(References)：

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• (1)甲烷虽然为短寿命温室气体,但是在其存在的约12年中会吸收大量的热,之后大部分甲烷会与臭氧反应生成二氧化碳和水继续产生温室效应;为了方便将其与其他温室气体相比较,就有了升温潜势的概念。升温潜势将温室气体的热效应转化为相应质量二氧化碳产生的热效应,即碳当量,使这些温室气体能够被采用同样的标准进行比较。虽然这种方法并不完美,但是却提供了不同温室气体之间相互比较的基础。
• (2)指一定时期内油气公司散逸和泄露的天然气与进入市场总天然气的比值。
• (3)范围1和范围2是GHG Protocol划分温室气体的排放边界。范围1是指直接排放,直接运营的资产和业务造成的排放;范围2指非直接排放,因购买电力、制冷、供暖等造成的间接排放;范围3是指间接排放,因使用评估主体的产品造成的排放。
• (4)根据美国能源署统计,2021年3月美国日均原油消耗量为1865万桶,原油(不包括天然气)日产量1084万桶。